----boundary-LibPST-iamunique-1071630020_-_-
Content-type: text/plain
Dear Wojtek,
on the one hand I agree absolutely that unsigned should be
available (at least in SYSTEM or some other low level module).
It is necessary for interfacing ...
but on the other hand your problem might be easily solved by applying
low level system tag "union" and doing the old and dirty trick
of overlaying different structures on the same memory:
IMPORT SYSTEM;
TYPE
Dirt = RECORD [ union ]
i : INTEGER;
h, l : BYTE (* maybe also the other way round, i.e., l, h *)
END;
VAR
dirty : Dirt;
...
dirty.h := byte; dirty.l := byte;
memPtr := dirty.i;
...
I know this is against the spirit of BB/CP, but in the case
of hardware interfacing/language interfacing almost anything
sacrifices the means used.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Wojtek Skulski" <skulski{([at]})nowhere.xy
To: "BlackBox" <blackbox{([at]})nowhere.xy
Cc: "Wojtek Skulski" <skulski{([at]})nowhere.xy
Sent: Sunday, November 16, 2003 6:04 PM
Subject: Unsigned integer math in BlackBox
> Hello:
>
> I just reached a conclusion, that lack of unsigned integer math
> in BlackBox is a royal pain in the bottom. If not for my respect
> to our OuS friends, I would have used more explicit language
> to describe their language design decision.
>
> Here is the story. For last three days I has chasing missing bits
> in the memory pointer which I read from an field-programmable
> gate array. As usual in such circumstances, I was suspecting
> bad FPGA timing, or bugs in the embedded microcontroller C-code,
> or perhaps bad solder joints on my PCB. It did not occur to me
> that our rock-solid BlackBox can introduce subtle bugs. Right?
> Wrong. It can and it did. Here is how.
>
> The FPGA memory pointer is read in two 8-bit chunks, an MSB and LSB.
> The LSB contains lower 8 bits, while the MSB contains the remaining
> bits. The MSB and LSB arrive in a byte buffer, and then they are
> combined in the PC into one word. Written in the (vastly inferior
> and known for its obscurity) C-language this would have been simple:
>
> unsigned char lsb, msb;
> unsigned int memPtr;
> msb = buffer [2];
> lsb = buffer [3];
> memPtr = (msb << 8) + lsb;
>
> In the (vastly superior and known for its clarity) Component Pascal
> I have written code, which I thought was doing the same thing.
>
> VAR buffer: ARRAY 256 of BYTE;
> memPtr: INTEGER;
> memPtr := ASH (buffer [2], 8) + buffer [3];
>
> This is nice and looks innocent enough. Then the hell broke loose.
> Sometimes the memory pointer was correct. But sometimes it was not.
> Sometimes, but not always, bits were missing in the upper part of
> the pointer. After three days of debugging it turned out that
> the correct code should have been:
>
> VAR lsb, msb: INTEGER;
> buffer: ARRAY 256 of BYTE;
> memPtr: INTEGER;
> msb := ORD (BITS (ASH (buffer [2], 8)) * {8..15});
> lsb := ORD (BITS (buffer [3]) * {0..7});
> memPtr := msb + lsb;
>
> I leave it to you to figure out why this obfuscated code is the
> correct CP version of "(msb << 8) + lsb". It is also important
> to note that the bug was showing only for some bit patterns,
> but not for the others, what made it exceptionally hard to debug
> the original CP code.
>
> I want to point out that the CP language is not complete. The unsigned
> math should have been there. The users have been arguing with OuS for
> years that the unsigned math is essential, all in vain. I hope that
> I have made it more clear why the unsigned should have been in the
> language.
>
> Thank you,
>
> Wojtek Skulski skulski{([at]})nowhere.xy>
> --------------------------------------------
>
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Current posting policy:
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Received on Sun Nov 16 2003 - 21:15:07 UTC