----boundary-LibPST-iamunique-982277013_-_-
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Bernard:
thank you for reminding me of unions in SYSTEM. I will add unions
to my bag of tricks, though the spirit of BB/CP prohibits using SYSTEM
unless absolutely necessary.
There is actually a third way, that is providing good application notes
dealing with such low-level issues. BlackBox vendor is one of few vendors
I know of who do not bother to write application notes and reference
materials. The quality of the compiler is outstanding, but the quality
of its surrounding documentation -- well, we all know. I had to painfully
reinvent things which most likely are well known but undocumented.
Wojtek Skulski skulski{([at]})nowhere.xy
On Sun, 16 Nov 2003, Bernhard Treutwein wrote:
> Dear Wojtek,
>
> on the one hand I agree absolutely that unsigned should be
> available (at least in SYSTEM or some other low level module).
> It is necessary for interfacing ...
>
> but on the other hand your problem might be easily solved by applying
> low level system tag "union" and doing the old and dirty trick
> of overlaying different structures on the same memory:
>
> IMPORT SYSTEM;
>
> TYPE
>
> Dirt = RECORD [ union ]
> i : INTEGER;
> h, l : BYTE (* maybe also the other way round, i.e., l, h *)
> END;
>
> VAR
> dirty : Dirt;
>
> ...
> dirty.h := byte; dirty.l := byte;
> memPtr := dirty.i;
> ...
>
> I know this is against the spirit of BB/CP, but in the case
> of hardware interfacing/language interfacing almost anything
> sacrifices the means used.
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Wojtek Skulski" <skulski{([at]})nowhere.xy> To: "BlackBox" <blackbox{([at]})nowhere.xy> Cc: "Wojtek Skulski" <skulski{([at]})nowhere.xy> Sent: Sunday, November 16, 2003 6:04 PM
> Subject: Unsigned integer math in BlackBox
>
>
> > Hello:
> >
> > I just reached a conclusion, that lack of unsigned integer math
> > in BlackBox is a royal pain in the bottom. If not for my respect
> > to our OuS friends, I would have used more explicit language
> > to describe their language design decision.
> >
> > Here is the story. For last three days I has chasing missing bits
> > in the memory pointer which I read from an field-programmable
> > gate array. As usual in such circumstances, I was suspecting
> > bad FPGA timing, or bugs in the embedded microcontroller C-code,
> > or perhaps bad solder joints on my PCB. It did not occur to me
> > that our rock-solid BlackBox can introduce subtle bugs. Right?
> > Wrong. It can and it did. Here is how.
> >
> > The FPGA memory pointer is read in two 8-bit chunks, an MSB and LSB.
> > The LSB contains lower 8 bits, while the MSB contains the remaining
> > bits. The MSB and LSB arrive in a byte buffer, and then they are
> > combined in the PC into one word. Written in the (vastly inferior
> > and known for its obscurity) C-language this would have been simple:
> >
> > unsigned char lsb, msb;
> > unsigned int memPtr;
> > msb = buffer [2];
> > lsb = buffer [3];
> > memPtr = (msb << 8) + lsb;
> >
> > In the (vastly superior and known for its clarity) Component Pascal
> > I have written code, which I thought was doing the same thing.
> >
> > VAR buffer: ARRAY 256 of BYTE;
> > memPtr: INTEGER;
> > memPtr := ASH (buffer [2], 8) + buffer [3];
> >
> > This is nice and looks innocent enough. Then the hell broke loose.
> > Sometimes the memory pointer was correct. But sometimes it was not.
> > Sometimes, but not always, bits were missing in the upper part of
> > the pointer. After three days of debugging it turned out that
> > the correct code should have been:
> >
> > VAR lsb, msb: INTEGER;
> > buffer: ARRAY 256 of BYTE;
> > memPtr: INTEGER;
> > msb := ORD (BITS (ASH (buffer [2], 8)) * {8..15});
> > lsb := ORD (BITS (buffer [3]) * {0..7});
> > memPtr := msb + lsb;
> >
> > I leave it to you to figure out why this obfuscated code is the
> > correct CP version of "(msb << 8) + lsb". It is also important
> > to note that the bug was showing only for some bit patterns,
> > but not for the others, what made it exceptionally hard to debug
> > the original CP code.
> >
> > I want to point out that the CP language is not complete. The unsigned
> > math should have been there. The users have been arguing with OuS for
> > years that the unsigned math is essential, all in vain. I hope that
> > I have made it more clear why the unsigned should have been in the
> > language.
> >
> > Thank you,
> >
> > Wojtek Skulski skulski{([at]})nowhere.xy> >
> > --------------------------------------------
> >
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>
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----boundary-LibPST-iamunique-982277013_-_-
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Received on Sun Nov 16 2003 - 22:43:53 UTC